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Step-by-step instructions for performing operations with Kubernetes.

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Kubernetes Cloud Controller Manager

Cloud Controller Manager is an alpha feature in 1.8. In upcoming releases it will be the preferred way to integrate Kubernetes with any cloud. This will ensure cloud providers can develop their features independantly from the core Kubernetes release cycles.

Cloud Controller Manager

Kubernetes v1.6 contains a new binary called cloud-controller-manager. cloud-controller-manager is a daemon that embeds cloud-specific control loops. These cloud-specific control loops were originally in the kube-controller-manager. Since cloud providers develop and release at a different pace compared to the Kubernetes project, abstracting the provider-specific code to the cloud-controller-manager binary allows cloud vendors to evolve independently from the core Kubernetes code.

The cloud-controller-manager can be linked to any cloud provider that satisifies cloudprovider.Interface. For backwards compatibility, the cloud-controller-manager provided in the core Kubernetes project uses the same cloud libraries as kube-controller-manager. Cloud providers already supported in Kubernetes core are expected to use the in-tree cloud-controller-manager to transition out of Kubernetes core. In future Kubernetes releases, all cloud controller managers will be developed outside of the core Kubernetes project managed by sig leads or cloud vendors.

Administration

Requirements

Every cloud has their own set of requirements for running their own cloud provider integration, it should not be too different from the requirements when running kube-controller-manager. As a general rule of thumb you’ll need:

Running cloud-controller-manager

Successfully running cloud-controller-manager requires some changes to your cluster configuration.

persistent-volume-label-initializer-config.yaml 
kind: InitializerConfiguration
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1alpha1
metadata:
  name: pvlabel.kubernetes.io
initializers:
  - name: pvlabel.kubernetes.io
    rules:
    - apiGroups:
      - ""
      apiVersions:
      - "*"
      resources:
      - persistentvolumes

Keep in mind that setting up your cluster to use cloud controller manager will change your cluster behaviour in a few ways:

As of v1.8, cloud controller manager can implement:

Examples

If you are using a cloud that is currently supported in Kubernetes core and would like to adopt cloud controller manager, see the cloud controller manager in kubernetes core.

For cloud controller managers not in Kubernetes core, you can find the respective projects in repos maintained by cloud vendors or sig leads.

For providers already in Kubernetes core, you can run the in-tree cloud controller manager as a Daemonset in your cluster, use the following as a guideline:

cloud-controller-manager-daemonset-example.yaml 
# This is an example of how to setup cloud-controller-manger as a Daemonset in your cluster.
# It assumes that your masters can run pods and has the role node-role.kubernetes.io/master
# Note that this Daemonset will not work straight out of the box for your cloud, this is
# meant to be a guideline.

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: cloud-controller-manager
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: system:cloud-controller-manager
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: cloud-controller-manager
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: cloud-controller-manager
  name: cloud-controller-manager
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: cloud-controller-manager
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: cloud-controller-manager
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: cloud-controller-manager
      containers:
      - name: cloud-controller-manager
        # for in-tree providers we use gcr.io/google_containers/cloud-controller-manager
        # this can be replaced with any other image for out-of-tree providers
        image: gcr.io/google_containers/cloud-controller-manager:v1.8.0
        command:
        - /usr/local/bin/cloud-controller-manager
        - --cloud-provider=<YOUR_CLOUD_PROVIDER>   # Add your own cloud provider here!
        - --leader-elect=true
        - --use-service-account-credentials
        # these flags will vary for every cloud provider
        - --allocate-node-cidrs=true
        - --configure-cloud-routes=true
        - --cluster-cidr=172.17.0.0/16
      tolerations:
      # this is required so CCM can bootstrap itself
      - key: node.cloudprovider.kubernetes.io/uninitialized
        value: "true"
        effect: NoSchedule
      # this is to have the daemonset runnable on master nodes
      # the taint may vary depending on your cluster setup
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule
      # this is to restrict CCM to only run on master nodes
      # the node selector may vary depending on your cluster setup
      nodeSelector:
        node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""

Limitations

Running cloud controller manager comes with a few possible limitations. Although these limitations are being addressed in upcoming releases, it’s important that you are aware of these limitations for production workloads.

Support for Volumes

Cloud controller manager does not implement any of the volume controllers found in kube-controller-manager as the volume integrations also require coordination with kubelets. As we evolve CSI (container storage interface) and add stronger support for flex volume plugins, necessary support will be added to cloud controller manager so that clouds can fully integrate with volumes. Learn more about out-of-tree CSI volume plugins here.

Scalability

In the previous architecture for cloud providers, we relied on kubelets using a local metadata service to retrieve node information about itself. With this new architecture, we now fully rely on the cloud controller managers to retrieve information for all nodes. For very larger clusters, you should consider possible bottle necks such as resource requirements and API rate limiting.

Chicken and Egg

The goal of the cloud controller manager project is to decouple development of cloud features from the core Kubernetes project. Unfortunately, many aspects of the Kubernetes project has assumptions that cloud provider features are tightly integrated into the project. As a result, adopting this new architecture can create several situations where a request is being made for information from a cloud provider, but the cloud controller manager may not be able to return that information without the original request being complete.

A good example of this is the TLS bootstrapping feature in the Kubelet. Currently, TLS bootstrapping assumes that the Kubelet has the ability to ask the cloud provider (or a local metadata service) for all its address types (private, public, etc) but cloud controller manager cannot set a node’s address types without being initialized in the first place which requires that the kubelet has TLS certificates to communicate with the apiserver.

As this initiative evolves, changes will be made to address these issues in upcoming releases.

Developing your own Cloud Controller Manager

To build and develop your own cloud controller manager, read the Developing Cloud Controller Manager doc.

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